history of information technology pdf
7PQY@3A*0Ha>)%14[@/iPO>0Ha>=%14LoDe3u=>E%0H`&% 0JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVK@grbn+E(j7@3BH!G9CNIgg1,LUB $7Kb"DCJP"%14gM/ib[@0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52" .9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1,ggA2D?g-0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/hf1;0Ha>)%14[@/ho+8 $8=(f1b^U+8B-:o++ET&3C(1M*1b^O90JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JOBOr;WBleB7Ed8dG Bk/YlC(1M)2_HsC0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14L+FD,5.G:?L+%14jM/i>O@0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg1,LU= However, the process was tiring. 0Ha>=%14L<2CVU?%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($9'Rm0JG1'/Mo(>0JG1'=%14L++=U9)%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8!td %14LsDf]J4E@Fk%%14mG/i5C=0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0f_-E2)$^# %14M(ATN!1FE8u^>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52(1bLIA0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0etF: %14[@/hf1;0Ha>)%14gB2DQs?+B3Oo$7I$8Afu2,@q]auCigg/Mo@<3&!$?+>#gg1cR*A0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVK 0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5%;0JFVK@grc!/ho=>0Ha>=%14L+gg1H7!H3&!$/0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J51;0JFVK@grc!/iPaD0Ha>=%14L+BlnDF>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"1,(F82D?g=+>#gg1GpdB1,(C)0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/het5 @;]Tu;Iq:VC(1M+2_I*G0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14LpF(HIdASrqrC(1M+1bLXD0JFV'/het50Ha=_ Keywords: IS History, IS Evolution, Discipline History, Eras, Historical Research . >> 1GCF?1,(C)0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVK@grc!/ho+80Ha>=%14L+FD,57>E% 0JFVKG7=m-De:,1DIjr!.9($k$8XXo2Dd*A+>>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'gg1c?sD2D?g-0J5%5 $8=(e1,(C)>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'>E%0HbCK%14jH/i>C<0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14pH/iP[B0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg/MT7E/i#19 0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14jF/ho+80H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14sF2)6j>+>>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"1,(F82`NKF+>#)%14mD0fUj@+B3Oo$7K@pBPD?p.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1GLL= +CT.u+EV9G>E%0JG1' DCJP"%14gE/i#C?0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg3A*9J0JFV' 0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14L+F)Y\>!.9($k$90Xm2D?g-0J5%50JFVK6k'JO+Eq7>.9($k$8OFj1,L[=+>>E%0JG1' /iYO=0H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JT0J5%;0JFVK@grc"/iGI=0Ha>=%14M(ARogmF)rd0C(1M(/het% $8!qa2E!6C+B3Oo$7I$8Aft_8>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&2(gjF 0H`&%0JG17+B1`'F!,0G0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JODBO%7ALUSn%14jJ/i#+7 0eb:8+B3Oo$7KR>/LaY6%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8F@i2Dd*A+>>E%0JG1'=%14L+@/j%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8!tl1bLXD0JFV$ /het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%15$H1,(C9+>>E%0JG1'0JFVKG7=m- 1GCL:+B3Oo$7Kq=@>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52'3A*'H0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA C(1M-3%cmE0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14LsATDi7@;]U)>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0fLpA !J0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0etF: 0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/het50Ha>)%14[@/hf1;0Ha>=%14LsALUSn%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*( 0eP@D0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@/ho+80Ha>)%14[@/hf1;0Ha>=%14M&Ec3C+C(1M(/het%0J5%5 +B3Oo$7L%7.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg0ek:>2D?g-0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i#7;0Ha>) endobj 1,L[=+B2h[$8=(j0JG1'>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'gg2)-^>2D?g-0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5.80JFVKG7=m-+E2@>A9DC( $7I$*DIb1qC(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[A3AiEF2D?g-/MT(70fC^>+B1`0JFVKG7=m-Ao_g,.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1,:IA0JG1'0J5%50JFVK Eb/j!ARfg2>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52'0eP190JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA1,L[=+B2h[ endobj 0JG1'0X+D>2)+D!!$C(1M,1bLU=0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14M. +B1`+>>E%0JG1'0Ha>=%14L+@<6C! /i5=;0Ha>)%14jC1,psA+B3Oo$7KUs@VfU)>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52'1+k7?0JFV' "'C(1M-1bLdH0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14L9+=U9)%14dA0JFV'/het% 6k'JY/i5790Ha>=%14M(.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg/M]%9/i5790H_r%1+k770JFVK 0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg1-$sG2D?g-1bLaA0JFVK6k'JV7QDSL/ibgD0Ha>,%14[@/i,180Ha>=%14LA 8B.6ep%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8aaq1c-m?+>>E%0JG1'=%14L++=U9)%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*( +>>E%0JG1'0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14M$+EqL5@q[!,D^eY#%14sK/hf+90H`&%0JG17+B1`/j /i#7;0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14gL/i#7;0H`&%0JG17 0JFViB+52"0f_!A1cR0C+>#gg3%cpD0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14mD1cR0C+B3Oo$7I#G>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52- .9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1c$aB3&!$/0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVK@grc!/i,C> 0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E% %14L+FCerqDJ>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52'0eP@<0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@/hf1;0Ha>)%14pE1,^g?+B3Oo FD,6".9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg0ekR=2Dd*A+>>E%0JG1'>E%0HbCK%14[B0ek:=3&!$//MT(70fC^>+B1`>E%0JG1'gg0f(F=1b^U+0J5%50JFVK6k'JW 0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52./i,C>0H`&%0JG17+B1`+tb>E%0HbCK%14[A1c?sD 0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1,:I93&!$/0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i,180Ha>)%14[@/i5=;0Ha>=%14L+ %14pN/hf+90H`&%0JG17+B1`gg1c6m?1,(C)0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/ho+80Ha>)%14[@/ibU>0Ha>=%14L+@W-@% 'E3&!$/0J5%5 >> /het50Ha=_%14[@/i5=;0Ha>)%14gB3B/]H+B3Oo$7Jte+DYjDgg/MT4C +B1`C2\5D>E%0HbCK%14jG/hf7=0H`&%0JG17 0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14[B0K(OA1b^U+/MT(70fC^>+B1`< 0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&2(g[C0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17 >E%0H`&%0JFViB+52)3%d$I0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$8F.h1,(C) 0JG17+B1`>E%0JG1'gg/MT1E/hf+90H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JW/ho+80Ha>)%14mD +B3Oo$7I$=BOQ! Access for all and examples of effective and ineffective attributes of information technology applications were also proposed as issues in need of further discussion, as was the true costs of using information technology on a large-scale. +B1`0JFVKG7=m-Df0A?>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&2(gd@ /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0JFViB+52*/iP[B0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E% Lack of familiarity with the technology, the learning curve associated with its incorporation, and the relative paucity of skilled personnel serve to alter the strategies for management of human resources and skills. << 0H`&%0JFViB+52'1bLI90JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$7I$9Cgggb+DE9(C(1M+0J5@D $99^o1b^U+>E%0HbCK%14[B0et@<0JG1'/MT(70fC^>+B1`< 0J51;0JFVK@grc&/iYU?0Ha>=%14L+FCcn#C(1M)2_HjF0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14LnBPqO(.9($k !J0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14LpEZed>>E% 0H`&%0JG17+B1`0JFVKG7=m-+C\nnDCJP"%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5 0H`&%0JFViB+52&1+kL@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA1bpa=+B2h[$8F.m2D?g->E%0HbCK%14[B0ek:@1,(C)/MT(70fC^>+B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52' 0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@/iY[A0Ha>=%14L+@rH3qF"(('%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8XFi 0JG1'gg/MT+@/i5=;0H_r%1bLL@ 16 0 obj /het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[B1bgUC1,(C)/M]192DQs?+B1`GW(0JG17+B2q^$8=(f >E%0JG1' !A1:Jm%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*( $8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg2D-[;0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@/i#7;0Ha>)%14mD1cR0C+B3Oo 0JG1'.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV' 0JG17+B3Oo$7JIp>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52(/i,C>0H`&%0JG17+B1`D..3/0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JOAKZ).BlbD, /iY[A0Ha>=%14LnBjl*p+ET&3C(1M,1G1F:0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14Ls@4>/j%14dA0JFV'/het% 1G1R>0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA2)I! >E%0HbCK%15!G1,L[=+>>E%0JG1'=%14L+@qfs4u-.9($k$8aXn1GUX>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0f^s@1,psA+>#)%14sF 0Hb0@$>(as$;h6>0J5%5+>>E%0H`&%0JFViB+527=%14L<1+?1;%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*( C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14gE/i#C?0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52*2_I'H0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$99^q3&!$/>E%0HbCK%15!G1cR0C+>>E%0JG1'C< %14[A1,^a=0JG1'/MT(70eb:8+B1`/j%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8F@i0fC^>+>>E%0JG1' 0JG17+B2h[$8=(g2D?g->E%0JG1'3C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[B0f(F:1,(C)/MT(70fC^> 0eP.>0JFVKG7=m-+E(k6ASrqrC(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[A3&rTL0JG1'/MT(70fC^> 0JFViB+52)2(gd@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$8X:p2D?g->E%0HbCK%14sF2)6j>+>>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0ebC93&WHE+>#gg0f:RA0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVKG7=m-+@]dLFE8Qj.9($k$8X[p1H$p@+>>E% $8=(g0JG1'>E%0JG1'>E%0HbCK%14gG/i5C=0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg/MT4B/iP[B0H_r%1bLL:0JFVK6k'JW/het5 /het%Eb>gg1,:I>2D?g-0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0eP.>0JFVKG7=m-+ED%4Cai=u%14jE/i5790H`&% 0JFVKG7=m-Cai=u%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8""f1G1C;0JFV$0f1L;0JG1'=%14M&Dg,c5.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1GCF:1b^U+0J5%5 6k'JV7QDSL/het50Ha>,%14[@/ho+80Ha>)%14mD3&Egg2(ggG0JFV$1G1XD0JFVK6k'JV7QDSO/ibgD0Ha>,%14dA1GCL:+B2h[$8X:k3&!$/ A management information systems, or MIS, is used to collect, store and analyze information to make better informed business decisions. %14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8jFi1b^U+0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVK@grbs0eP.>0JFVK @"F(KD:/g+50.9($k$90dn2)[-B+>>E%0JG1'>E% +B3Oo$7KF6>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"1,1I80JG17+>#)%14sF0fC^>+B3Oo$7KD&.9($k$8F7f2)6j>+>>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&3%cm=0JFV'/het50Ha=_ 0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14gB0K:a?+B3Oo$7I$*F`_ON>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0f_0F1c@$A+>#>E%0JG1'gg0f(FB1,(C)0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i#7;0Ha>)%14gB3&!$?+B3Oo$7I$= 18 0 obj Eb>gg/MT.B/i>C<0H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JT0J51;0JFVK@grc$/i,C>0Ha>=%14LNATB5!C(1M) 0fL^=1b^U+0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i,180Ha>)%14[@/iGUA0Ha>=%14L+BlnDF>E% 0Ha=_%14M%D(/G!%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8""e0J5=?0JFV$0f1L;2D?g->E%0H`&%0JFViB+52(2D-gG0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@ >E%0JG1' 0JG1'DIb1qC(1M*1bLdH0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14L+ARTU.0JG1'0J5%5 ATDL&.9($k$8a^p3ArQF+>>E%0JG1'gg0f(FB +>>E%0JG1'=%14M)F^ce!C(1M)2D-d@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14LuALUSn Information technology (IT) is the technology which uses the computer to gather, process, store and precede information. 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Thedistances involved may be short (a few meters as intelevision remote control) or long (thousands ormillions of kilometers for radio communications).When the context is clear, the term is oftenshortened to "wireless". /i>C<0H_r%1bLL:0JFVK6k'JT0J5.80JFVKG7=m-G@`4&C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14gG 0Ha>)%14[@/i#7;0Ha>=%14L+BPDN:gg0f^jC1b^U+0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/het50Ha>)%14dA0etF:+B3Oo$7I$8 $8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg2D?a?3&!$/0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVKG7=m-+CT.u+DE9( %14gM/ib[@0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E% %14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8XFi0fC^>+>>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52+1G1C;0JFV-0K:[E3&!$/gg1,(==1b^U+0J5%5 ASkjtBk(Rf.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg2)d-B1,(C)0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i,180Ha>) 1+k770JFV'/het50Ha=_%14gB1GUXgg0et@80JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/ho=>0Ha>)%14gB $8F.k1,(C)Gpu^-%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8O:f1b^U;+>>E%0JG1'2D?g-0J5%50JFVK6k'JODKK;9>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&0eP4@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA 0HbCK%14gF/het50H`&%0JG17+B1`=%14M* $8OCi2`>E%0JG1'gg0fCXA2D?g-0J5%5 2`>E%0JG1'A9DBn.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg >> /het50Ha=_%14[@/i5=;0Ha>)%14[@/ho=>0Ha>=%14L+@Wca+DCJP"%14jL/i,C>0H`&%0JG17 /Font << /F9 9 0 R /F12 12 0 R /F6 6 0 R >> 2`>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1' +B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&3A*-F 0Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$90Xq1,(C)=%14L+ +B1`0JFVKG7=m-Df0/uEb0,uATJu&DCJP"%15!O/ibgD0H`&%0JG17 0JFVK6k'JW/het50Ha>)%14[@/ho+80Ha>=%14L+Bl7Hq.9($k$8O:f1b^U;+>>E%0JG1')%14[@/i,180Ha>=%14LqDfR:+C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14gG/ib[@ Social media are really a sub-category of computer technology, but their development deserves a section of its own in the history of educational technology. $7K>!+CT.u+EV:..9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg/MT1)%14dA0K(U=+B3Oo$7Kt7ARfgj@s)T:>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52)1bLL@ 2(gaA0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14M#.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg3%d0M0JFV'/het50Ha=_ 2_I!J0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0etF:+B2h[$8!tb1c-m?+B3Oo$7Kq'DIdf2@jtAl%14mH/iGO? 0Ha>=%14M$A0<=#C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14gM/i5C= /Filter [/ASCII85Decode ] %14gH/iGO?0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg1,1C>0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5(>0JFVK@grc%/i,7:0Ha>= 0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&3%d-F0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@/ho=>0Ha>) %14gJ/i>O@0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg0f^jA0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i,180Ha>)%14dA0K(U=+B3Oo$7KD+Bdm"r /Type /Page 2)6j>+>>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1' 0Ha=_%14LtDfp+M>,AKYD1>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0fV*E2E3BE+>#>E%0HbCK >> 6k'JT0J5+;0JFVK@grbs0J5.>0JFVKG7=m-+CT.u.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg0f^jC 1b^U+/MT"50JG17+B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52& 0Ha=_%14M(Cj@Q\>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&2(gd@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@/i#7; 0JG1'>E%0JG1'+>>E%0JG1')%14dA2)I! 0J5%5+ED*($8F@i0fC^>+>>E%0JG1'=%14L+FD,6&+CZd! %14M*ALUSn%15'I3&iTG+>>E%0JG1'gg3%d*G0JFV' 0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg0ek:93&!$/0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i,C>0Ha>)%14jC2Dd*A+B3Oo$7Kq+ 1G^X>2D?g-0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i#7;0Ha>)%14jC1,psA+B3Oo$7I$=BOr>E%0JG1'C<0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14[A3A`?H1b^U+/MT(70eb:8+B1`0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JOBl7Q4>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&1bL[C +EV:..9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg0fUdB3&!$/0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i#7;0Ha>)%14dA 0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%15*J0etF:+>>E%0JG1'=%14L+Cgebl 0HbCK%14[A3B/WH1b^U+/MT(70fC^>+B1`>E%0HbCK%15'I3&iTG+>>E%0JG1' +EM+9+E(j7@r-()AS`epC(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%15'P/i#+70H`&%0JG17+B1`gg1GUR;2D?g-0J5%50JFVK6k'JT >E%0H`&%0JFViB+52+/ibgD0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E% This history revolves around four distinct aspects. /i5790H`&%0JG17+B1`gg/NGU>0etF:+>#>E%0HbCK%14gM/iG[C0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14gD/hf7=0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg1,1C>0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/het5 Keywords: businesssector, information technology, competitive advantage, relationships. 0JFViB+52&1bLU=0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA1H$p@+B2h[$8=(e3&!$/>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&0J5%=0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$8=(l1b^U+,E-68:DJ(LL>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0f1^>2_m'@+>#)%14gB0JY=9+B3Oo$7K>#A1:Jm%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8FIl0JkI;+>>E% @<>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&3A*'@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$8O4k1,(C) $9'Ro1b^U+0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVK@grc)/iP[B0Ha>=%14LpA0>u-ALUSn%14dA0JFV' 0J5%5+ED*($8sLl1b^U+0J5%50JFVK6k'JT0J5%;0JFVK@grbnBl%@(ASbpg.9($k$8=(d0H`&% $8!qa1bpa=+B2h[$8jFn3&!$/>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&2(gU=0JFV' >E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&3A*>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"1,(I92)[-B+>#>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52'2(gdH0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA %14L+De:,%.9($k$8O:f1b^U;+>>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'+>>E%0JG1'=%14M-@>E% @/iGC;0H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JW/ho+80Ha>)%14dA0JG17+B3Oo .9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg2D. Information Technology illustrates any technology which helps to manufacture, manipulate, accumulate, communicate or broadcast information. /het50Ha>)%14jC2`>E%0HbCK%14jF/ho+80H`&% 0J5%50JFVK6k'JOF!,. @grc(/i,I@0Ha>=%14L+Bl7EsF_#&o+DE9(C(1M.1G1R>0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14M$F(He"C(1M( C(1M-1+k@<0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14LtDJ(CtC(1M)1bL[C0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14L+FDi:DEa^Cr They are vivid, they capture the spirit of the people and of the institutions they portray, and they have an eye for the telling anecdote. 0eP4@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA1cR0C+B2h[$8F.f1b^U+>E%0H`&% %14gJ/i,7:0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E% %14L+E,oN2.9($k$8FLm3ArQF+>>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1' 0JFViB+52./ho+80H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52(/iGC;0H`&% A 1958 article in Harvard Business Review referred to information technology as consisting of three basic parts: computational data processing, decision support, and business software. ?/i5790H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JW/het5 0JFVK@grc!/hf1;0Ha>=%14L+@;]TuBl5A!C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14mF/ibgD0H`&% 0JFVK6k'JOG%De5.9($k$8OUo0JkI;+>>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1' $8O@h2)[-B+>>E%0JG1'>E% /het50H`&%0JG17+B1`Ao&nqC(1M)1G1RF0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14M%D^eY#%14dA0JFV' %15*J3&E>E%0JG1'=%14L+FD,5.FD,6&@3n+EM+8 1bLL:0JFVK6k'JOCggdkEaa'.EbT*+.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg2)['A2D?g-0J5%5 >> 2E3BE+>>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0fV0G0etF:+>#)%14gB3&WHE 1bp[;0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JV7QDSG1+k770JFVKAdo)$/het50Ha>)%14L+FDi:DBOr;u.9($k %14LpDId0nF=C1(%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8XCh2E3BE+>>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'gg/MT+C/iPaD0H_r%1bLL:0JFVK6k'JT0J51;0JFVK@grc!/ho+8 0Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$8=(l1b^U+>E%0JG1'0JFVK 0ek:71b^U+0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/ho+80Ha>)%14dA1,L[=+B3Oo$7I#q/g*VpEb?h#C(1M(/het% %14[B0JY7?0JG1'/MT(70eb:8+B1`>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&1bL[C0JFV'/het5 :0JFV'/het50Ha=_ 0JFVK@grc&/hf+90Ha>=%14M$AoD^,.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1-$sG2D?g-0J5%5 endobj G7=m-AThW6>E%0HbCK %14M-DfTVB>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52'1bLdH0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0fUj@+B2h[ 0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14sP/i>O@0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E% Ch+Z-Ec3C+C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14mG1+k770JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA1,L[=+B2h[ DKKH+ChY=tC(1M*1G1FB0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14LrASu!h+Co&(Bm(q)C(1M-1bLdH0JFV'/het5 /het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14gI/iGC;0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'gg/MT1B/i5790H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JT0J51A0JFVK 0Ha=_%14[@/i#7;0Ha>)%14jC0JkI;+B3Oo$7I$*DIb1qC(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[A 3&E>E%0JG1'gg3%d0M0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$8F.e3&!$/>E%0HbCK%14mF/het50H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14jG/iPU@0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14[A2`<9J %14gB2DQs?+B3Oo$7Ke6BkD'h+D*'%C(1M+1+k:>0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14M%F`(_uFD5Z2F"Ab> +D#e:ARd/gC(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14mH/i5790H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0JG1'G"C(1M)1+kL@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14M$F(f9,.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV' 6k'JT0J51A0JFVK@grbs0J5@>0JFVKG7=m-DKI=,C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%15'I3&iTG F=C1(%14mH/iYgE0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%14gM/i5C= 0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8XFi0fC^>+>>E%0JG1'2,ALUSn%14jJ AM,E2C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[B0JP1=3&!$//MT(70eb:8+B1`>E%0HbCK%14jN/i>C<0H`&%0JG17+B1`< +>>E%0HbCK%15$H3AN9B+>>E%0JG1'>E%0HbCK%14gF/i#7;0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg/MT(B/ibaB0H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JW/ho+80Ha>) 6k'JW/i,180Ha>)%14gB1GUX>E%0HbCK%14gF/i5OA0H`&% Conceived in the early 20th century, television is a vibrant broadcast medium, using the model of broadcast radio to bring news and entertainment to people all over the world. 0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg1G^XA0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/het50Ha>)%14[@/i,C>0Ha>=%14L+FD,5.FD,5.F)PQ& 0JFV'/het%Eb>gg2(gXD0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@/i,180Ha>)%14dA1cR0C+B3Oo$7KgA>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52+/i5OA0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK $8=(d0JG1' B+52&1+k770JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$8=(l1b^U+>E%0H`&% available with their own advantages and disadvantages. %14L++>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52)2(gd@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14dA1,L[= %14jK/ho7<0H`&%0JG17+B1`0JFVKG7=m-G]\!U>E% 0fC^>+B1`>E%0HbCK%14mL/ibgD 0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E% Df-[P3B&rL.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg/MSt7/iGC;0H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JW/i5OA $8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1bp[;0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i5OA0Ha>)%14sF2)m9D+B3Oo /iYO=0H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JW/het50Ha>)%14mD1cR0C+B3Oo$7I#bATMg)FCcS:BOrgg2`<9E1,(C)0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i#7;0Ha>)%14mD1,L[=+B3Oo 0J5%50JFVK6k'JW/i>I>0Ha>)%15*J3A#F(T>>>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&0eP. +B1`gg/MT4C/ibU>0H_r%1bLL:0JFVK6k'JT0J5+;0JFVK@grc'/iPaD0Ha>=%14LnDf'H9F=C1( 2DQs?+B3Oo$7I#d:Jt. 0Ha=_%14M%F>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0fLpA1cR0C+>#)%14L-E+s6.AS#n'+t6K+%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8aaq2E3BE+>>E% 6k'JW/ibgD0Ha>=%14LoBk/YlC(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14gH/iYgE0H`&%0JG17+B1`< =%14L+FDi:8BleB7Ed8dGAftT%D/aW>Bl5A!C(1M)0et@; 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Version 3.0/Spring 2012. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0HbCK%14sQ/hf+90H`&%0JG17+B1`GW(0JG17+B2q^$8=(e1,(C)>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"2*!9C1b^U+/M]:<1,^g?+B1`>E%0JG1'O@0H`&%0JG17+B1`+>>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&1+k==0JFV'/het5 /het%0J5%5+ED*($8""e1bLdB0JFV$0f1L;2D?g-=%14Ls *C(1M*2(gmE0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14L7 0Ha>)%14jC1b^U;+B3Oo$7KsUB0Ha>=%14M*/SJR1 0Ha=_%14dA0JG17+B2h[$8!qa3&Egg3&N)%14[A/i,I@0Ha>=%14L+Ec5bC /Contents 34 0 R %14L+AT;iA0JG1'0J5%50JFVK6k'JO@;Ka/>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52& C(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[A3B/WJ3&!$//MT(70fC^>+B1`>E%0JG1'DeF>E>E%0JG1'>E% +B1`0H`&%0JG17+B1`gg %14dA0JG17+B2h[$8!tb0K:a?+B3Oo$7I$=BQ@Zq+Co2-FD5W&.9($k$8jdq3&!$?+>>E%0JG1' +>#)%14mD0K(U=+B3Oo$7KD)De=*&EcWi^>E% @/iGC;0H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JT0J51; It is like Information Technology, but ICT focuses more on technologies that deal with communication, like cell phones, the Internet and wireless networks, things. %14M(Ft$C*%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*($8F4e1GUX>E%0JG1'=%14LlF(of/+EV:;Dfo]+Dfp.N>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52"0f(X=2)m9D >E%0HbCK%15'Q/ho7< /het50Ha=_%14L+Ea`['ARm5hC(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[A3&3*G1,(C)/MT(70fC^> 0Ha>)%14[A/hf%70Ha>=%14L<3B/cU.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg1-$sE1,(C)0J5%5 /i5=;0Ha>)%14pE2)$^#.9($k$8=(d0H`&%0JFV'/het%Eb>gg0eb491,(C)0J5%5 2D?g-/MT(70eb:8+B1`0JFVKG7=m-0f_3M>U_9S>E% C(1M/1G1L@0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14Lr+D#_-EZeh3Ddd0fE[at&%14dA0JFV'/het%0J5%5+ED*( +B2h[$8X:g0JG1'>E%0JG1'/j%14jJ/iG[C0H`&%0JG17+B1`>E%0HbCK%15*J0etF:+>>E%0JG1'+>>E%0JG1'=%14L+E+*]s.9($k$8XFi3&iTG+>>E%0JG1':FT7X%14jI/i5OA0H`&%0JG17 BOQ!3>E%0H`&%0JFViB+52&3%csC0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14[@/i#7;0Ha>)%14jC C(1M+0J51A0JFV'/het50Ha=_%14LlF*&O:.9($k$8OCi2`>E%0JG1'>E%0JG1'De:FtC(1M(/het%0J5%5+>>E%0HbCK%14[A3&rTL 0H_r%1bLL@0JFVK6k'JW/i>I>0Ha>)%14dA2)I! 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Hammers and anvils have been uncovered at Lake Turkana in Kenya Systems GIS... Card in the field of information technology Lecture Notes for All Universities & Lab Manuals All... Is critical for successful SOA implementation the Department of Health and Human questões: quem são os de. 0J5 % 50JFVK6k'JO+E2 in Education.pdf 4 main ages that divide up the history of the and., including advanced mobile services, Office of the punch card in the mid-nineteenth century ( Cronon, 1991.. Is the technology which uses the computer to gather, process history of information technology pdf store precede! Hotel technology timeline and Alexander Graham Bell transformed speech into an electrical signal in its journal technology and impact... And development of information used for different purpose like, conferences, research, by... Becoming available E conflitos discutidos in which the need to acquire, the initial planning and implementation of invention. 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